Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — May 2014 — 04-BS-5 Advanced Mathematics. Three-hour, closed-book exam (one double-sided 8.5"×11" aid sheet permitted; approved Casio/Sharp calculator allowed). Format: seven questions of equal value (20 marks each, with internal splits as marked); any five constitute a complete paper and only the first five appearing in the answer book are marked. All seven are solved below for completeness.
Reference texts: Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics (10th ed., Wiley) — Sturm–Liouville eigenproblems, Fourier series and the Fourier transform (Ch. 11), least-squares curve fitting, Lagrange/Newton interpolation, Romberg integration, and root-finding by bisection/Newton/fixed-point iteration (Ch. 19), Cholesky factorization (Ch. 20); Strang, Introduction to Linear Algebra (6th ed., Wellesley-Cambridge) — symmetric positive-definite systems and Cholesky factorization.