Paper format: National Exams — 04-Bio-A8 Biophysical Measurements. Three hours, open book, any non-communicating calculator. Seven questions of equal value (20 marks each); five constitute a complete paper and only the first five appearing in the answer book are marked. All seven are solved here, because this set is a study resource rather than an examination script. Every question is qualitative/descriptive — there is no numerical data to compute — so each answer follows flowing prose with instrumentation block diagrams where the question explicitly asks for one.
Reference texts (the books an open-book candidate should have on the desk for this subject):
- J. G. Webster (ed.), Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, 5th ed. — ch. 3 (bioelectric amplifiers, input specifications), ch. 4 (biopotential/ECG measurement), ch. 5 (electrodes and electrochemical/pH/gas sensors), ch. 8 (cardiovascular instrumentation, pacemakers & impedance plethysmography), ch. 10 (pulse-oximetry supplement), ch. 12 (ultrasound imaging and Doppler blood-flow measurement).
- J. Enderle & J. Bronzino, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, 4th ed. — ch. 3 (bioelectric phenomena, Hodgkin–Huxley membrane model, cardiac conduction system), ch. 9 (biomedical sensors, electrochemical and optical biosensors), ch. 10 (biosignal processing).
- IEC 60601-1, Medical electrical equipment — general requirements for basic safety; Health Canada Medical Devices Regulations (SOR/98-282) for the Canadian regulatory frame on diagnostic/monitoring devices discussed below.
