Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Reference texts: Incropera, DeWitt, Bergman & Lavine, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (Wiley) — conduction resistance networks, critical radius, convection correlations, radiation exchange between surfaces; Coulson & Richardson, Chemical Engineering Vol. 1 (Butterworth-Heinemann) — heat-exchanger sizing and diffusion through stagnant films; Treybal, Mass-Transfer Operations (3rd ed., McGraw-Hill) — differential (Rayleigh) distillation and penetration-theory absorption; Geankoplis, Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles (4th ed., Prentice Hall) — molecular-diffusion flux relations. Property data from Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (9th ed.).
Exam format: six problems worth 25 points each — Part A (Heat Transfer, Q1–Q3) and Part B (Mass Transfer, Q4–Q6). The rubric asks for at least two problems from each part; every problem is solved here for completeness. Open-book, three-hour paper.
