Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper: National Exams — December 2018, 16-Civ-A1 Elementary Structural Analysis (closed book, 3 h; approved Casio/Sharp calculator permitted). Six questions constitute a complete paper: answer Q1–Q5 and one of Q6/Q7/Q8. For completeness all eight questions are worked here.
Reference texts: R. C. Hibbeler, Structural Analysis (10th ed., Pearson) — determinacy (Ch. 2), method of joints & sections (Ch. 3), shear & moment diagrams (Ch. 4), influence lines (Ch. 6), virtual-work deflections (Ch. 8–9), moment distribution (Ch. 11); A. Kassimali, Structural Analysis (6th ed., Cengage) — internal hinges, compound (Gerber) beams, three-hinged & indeterminate frames.
Sign convention. Upward reactions positive; sagging bending moment positive (tension on the underside), hogging negative; member axial force tension positive (T), compression negative (C).
These A1 papers are defined entirely by their figures, so every structure is redrawn to scale below.
