Paper format. National Exams, May 2018 — 16-Civ-A3 Elementary Environmental Engineering. Three hours; closed book with one candidate-prepared 8½ × 11 double-sided aid sheet; approved Casio or Sharp calculator only. Seven problems are printed, each worth 20 marks, and any five constitute a complete paper (maximum 100 marks). All seven are solved here, because the set is intended as a study resource rather than an exam script. Section marks are shown in brackets at the left margin of each question and are reproduced from the final-page Marking Scheme.
Reference texts.
- Davis, M.L. & Cornwell, D.A., Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill — material and energy balances, reactor kinetics, hardness, disinfection, water and wastewater unit processes.
- Masters, G.M. & Ela, W.P., Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, 3rd ed., Pearson — mass/energy balances on power plants, air-emission estimation, growth–pollution linkages.
- Mihelcic, J.R. & Zimmerman, J.B., Environmental Engineering: Fundamentals, Sustainability, Design, 3rd ed., Wiley — sustainability, life-cycle thinking, environmental impact assessment, professional ethics.
- Metcalf & Eddy / AECOM, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Resource Recovery, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill — wastewater unit processes and plant upgrading.
- Crittenden, J.C. et al. (MWH), Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3rd ed., Wiley — coagulation/flocculation, filtration, membranes, adsorption, disinfection.
- Engineers Canada / EGBC Code of Ethics; Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ), Health Canada — professional duty and water-quality benchmarks.
Check: Problem 4(ii) quotes a rate constant as “20 dm6/mol2” with no time unit, and states the fundamental reaction 2A + B ⇌ C. It is solved as a forward-rate second-in-A/first-in-B rate law with $k=20\ \text{dm}^{6}\,\text{mol}^{-2}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ (the only reading that makes $-r_A=k\,C_A^{2}C_B$ dimensionally a rate); the time unit is taken as seconds per NOTE 1. Because no feed flow rate is supplied, the well-posed deliverable is the flow-independent space-time $\tau$ (with $V=\tau\,v_0$ for any stated feed basis), not an absolute volume.
