Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — 16-Civ-A5 Hydraulic Engineering — December 2017. 3 hours, closed book (one 8.5×11 aid sheet permitted). Six questions of equal value; candidates answer any five. All six are solved here as a study resource. Unless stated, local losses and velocity head are neglected; water ρ = 1000 kg/m³, ν = 1.31×10−6 m²/s.
Reference texts: D. A. Chin, Water-Resources Engineering (3rd ed.), Ch. 2 (flow in closed conduits) & Ch. 7 (water-distribution systems); A. Osman Akan, Open Channel Hydraulics; M. Hanif Chaudhry, Open-Channel Flow (2nd ed.), Ch. 3 (hydraulic jump); Chadwick, Morfett & Borthwick, Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering.