Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format. National Examinations, December 2014 — 98-Civ-B10 Traffic Engineering, 3-hour duration, OPEN BOOK (any non-communicating calculator permitted). Six questions are set; the paper requires a total of five solutions and states that all questions are of equal value (20 marks each, split as shown in the paper's own grading scheme). Because the paper is a study resource, all six questions are solved below. The paper's NOTE 1 invites a clear statement of any assumptions made, and NOTE 2 states that any data required but not given may be assumed — every assumed factor is therefore declared explicitly where it is first used.
Reference texts. Garber, N. J. and Hoel, L. A., Traffic and Highway Engineering, 5th ed. — Ch. 4 (traffic engineering studies: volume studies, peak-hour factor, spot-speed studies), Ch. 6 (fundamental principles of traffic flow: the two mean speeds, the Greenshields model, Poisson arrivals, negative-exponential headways, single- and multi-channel queueing) and Ch. 8 (intersection control: saturation flow, change and clearance intervals, cycle length). This is the principal reference for the subject. Transportation Research Board, Highway Capacity Manual — saturation-flow adjustment factors and the passenger-car-equivalent convention. Transportation Association of Canada, Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads and Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada (MUTCDC) — Canadian lane widths, crosswalk practice and clearance-interval policy. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Traffic Engineering Handbook — queueing applications to parking and drive-up facilities. Webster, F. V. and Cobbe, B. M., Traffic Signals, Road Research Laboratory Technical Paper No. 56 — the optimum-cycle relation quoted as a closing check in Question 5.
