Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format. 98-Civ-B10 Traffic Engineering, National Examinations, December 2015. Three-hour duration, OPEN BOOK, any non-communicating calculator permitted. Seven questions, all of equal value (20 marks each), with the mark split printed in the grading scheme; the paper requires a total of five solutions. All seven are worked below, because this document is a study resource rather than an exam script.
Reference texts. Garber, N. J. and Hoel, L. A., Traffic and Highway Engineering — Ch. 3 (driver characteristics and the PIEV process), Ch. 4 (traffic-engineering studies: spot-speed studies, time-mean and space-mean speed), Ch. 6 (fundamental principles of traffic flow, deterministic and stochastic queueing) and Ch. 8 (intersection control: saturation flow, change and clearance intervals, Webster’s green split and delay). Transportation Research Board, Highway Capacity Manual — signalised-intersection capacity, degree of saturation, control delay and level of service. AASHTO, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, and Transportation Association of Canada, Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads — stopping and passing sight distance, crest vertical-curve design and K-values. FHWA, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, and Transportation Association of Canada, Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada — traffic-signal warrants and no-passing-zone marking.
Assumptions declared under the paper’s NOTE 1 and NOTE 2 (“any data required, but not given, can be assumed”). These are used throughout and are not repeated in every question: bus passenger-car equivalent \(E_B = 2.0\); pedestrian walking speed \(S_p = 1.2\ \text{m/s}\); driver perception–reaction time 2.5 s and deceleration \(a = 3.4\ \text{m/s}^2\) for stopping sight distance; AASHTO/TAC metric sight-distance eye and object heights; first-in–first-out discipline in every queueing calculation.
