Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format. Professional Engineers of Ontario — National Examinations, December 2018, 16-Elec-B4 Information Technology Networks. Three hours, closed book; one approved Casio or Sharp calculator permitted. The paper prints five questions of 25 marks each, and any four constitute a complete paper worth 100 marks, with the marks for every sub-part shown in the left margin. All five questions are solved here, because this set is a study resource rather than an exam attempt, and a candidate choosing which four to write benefits from seeing the fifth worked out.
Reference texts. A. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures, 2nd ed. (the syllabus reference for this code); J. F. Kurose and K. W. Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 8th ed.; A. S. Tanenbaum and D. J. Wetherall, Computer Networks, 5th ed.; W. Stallings, Wireless Communications and Networks, 2nd ed.; T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed.; S. Sesia, I. Toufik and M. Baker, LTE — The UMTS Long Term Evolution, 2nd ed.
