Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2013 — 04-Env-A4 / Water and Wastewater Engineering. 3 hours duration; closed book with one double-sided aid sheet; approved calculator permitted. The paper instructs candidates to attempt any two questions from Part A and any two from Part B (100 marks); all six are solved below for completeness.
Reference texts. Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Resource Recovery (5th ed.) — activated-sludge kinetics, nitrification, aeration, anaerobic digestion; Davis & Cornwell, Introduction to Environmental Engineering (6th ed.) — discrete settling theory, indicator organisms, coagulation chemistry; MWH’s Water Treatment: Principles and Design (3rd ed.) — process selection, softening, rapid sand filtration; Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada).
