Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2016 — 04-Geom-A1 Surveying. Closed-book; any non-communicating calculator permitted. Format: Question 1 is compulsory and any four of Questions 2–7 (20 marks each) constitute a complete paper — all seven are solved below for completeness. Where a datum is implied, elevations are referenced to the Canadian vertical frame (CGVD2013) and azimuths to NAD83(CSRS); US-foot stationing is retained wherever the printed question uses it.
Reference texts: Wolf & Ghilani, Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics (15th ed., Pearson); Ghilani, Adjustment Computations: Spatial Data Analysis (6th ed., Wiley); Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., GNSS — Global Navigation Satellite Systems (Springer, 2008).