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18-Geom-B2 Satellite Navigation: May 2015

Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)

  1. Question 1 GNSS Constellations and the Three GPS Segments
  2. Question 2 Dilution of Precision in Single Point Positioning
  3. Question 3 The GPS Modernization Program
  4. Question 4 Construction of the Double-Differenced Observable
  5. Question 5 Counting Measurements and Unknowns — Static vs Kinematic
  6. Question 6 Conventional (Relative Static) GPS Control Surveying
  7. Question 7 The Cycle Slip Phenomenon and Its Consequences
  8. Question 8 Precise Point Positioning and Network RTK
  9. Question 9 GNSS-Aided Inertial Integration Strategies

Start with Question 1 →

Paper format: National Exams, May 2015 — 3 hours, closed book (approved Casio/Sharp non-programmable calculators only). NINE questions: Q1–Q7 are mandatory (80 marks) and the candidate answers one of Q8/Q9 (20 marks) for a total of 100. This is a theory paper — answers are in essay form, with one short symbolic derivation (Q4 double differencing) and one counting problem (Q5, measurements vs unknowns). All nine questions, including both Q8 and Q9, are solved below for completeness.

Reference texts: Hofmann-Wellenhof, Lichtenegger & Wasle, GNSS — Global Navigation Satellite Systems (Springer, 2008); Leick, Rapoport & Tatarnikov, GPS Satellite Surveying (4th ed., Wiley, 2015); Kaplan & Hegarty, Understanding GPS/GNSS: Principles and Applications (3rd ed., Artech House); Groves, Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multisensor Integrated Navigation Systems (2nd ed., Artech House, 2013) for Q9; Natural Resources Canada — Canadian Geodetic Survey (CSRS-PPP service, Canadian Active Control System). Canadian frame throughout (NAD83(CSRS), NRCan reference products).