Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format: National Exams, 04-Geom-B4 Hydrography, 3 hours, closed book (any non-communicating calculator permitted). FIVE questions of equal value (25% each); FOUR constitute a complete paper and only the first four in the answer book are marked. Most answers are expected in essay format — clarity and organisation matter. All five questions are solved here as a study resource.
Reference texts: International Hydrographic Organization, IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys (S-44, 5th ed., 2008) and Manual on Hydrography (C-13, 2005); USACE, Hydrographic Surveying (EM 1110-2-1003); Ingham & Abbott, Hydrography for the Surveyor and Engineer; de Jong, Lachapelle, Skone & Elema, Hydrography (Delft University Press); L. Guenther / R. Hare on Total Propagated Uncertainty; Canadian Hydrographic Service Standards. Canadian frame throughout (CHS charts, chart datum = Lower Low Water Large Tide / LAT, NAD83(CSRS)).
