Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2017 — 10-Met-A1 Metallurgical Thermodynamics. Three-hour, closed-book exam using an approved (Casio or Sharp) calculator; candidates were told to state any interpretive assumptions. Any five of the seven questions constitute a complete paper — all seven are solved below for completeness. All questions are of equal value (20 marks each out of 100).
Reference texts: Gaskell, D. R., Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials (2nd–5th ed.) — source of the first-law/second-law relations used throughout and of the attached Ellingham diagram (Fig. 9-3) and its underlying 298 K formation data used in Question 7; supporting 298 K entropies for Ca(s), CaO(s), CO(g), CO₂(g), H₂(g) and H₂O(g) from the NIST–JANAF Thermochemical Tables.
