Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
98-Phys-A7, Optics — National Exams, December 2016. 3 hours; closed book (formula sheet supplied on pages 6–8). Notes 1–7 on the cover page require Q1 and Q2 (mandatory) plus any two of Q3–Q6 for a complete paper; every question is solved below as a full study resource, including all four of Q3–Q6.
Reference texts. Hecht, Optics, 5th ed.; Pedrotti, Pedrotti & Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3rd ed. (matrix methods, Ch. 18; fibre waveguides, Ch. 24; thin films, Ch. 15).