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19-Soft-A4 Real-Time Systems: Undated paper

Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)

  1. Question 1 Hard, Firm and Soft Real-Time Systems — Time-Based, Event-Based and Hybrid Examples
  2. Question 2 Automotive Collision-Avoidance System — State Diagram and Real-Time Requirement Analysis
  3. Question 3 RTOS Features, Rationale, and Real-Time vs. Non-Real-Time Systems
  4. Question 4 Networked (Distributed) Control Loop — Protocol, Delay Effects and PI-Controller Stability Bound
  5. Question 5 FCFS vs. EDF Scheduling of Four Periodic Real-Time Tasks
  6. Question 6 Pre-emptive Priority Scheduling with Interrupt Overhead

Start with Question 1 →

Note. Pages 3–4 print the same question stem three times side by side with only the supporting data table changed. The six distinct question stems are solved once each below, using the first data variant printed for each; the repeated variants are noted at the end of the relevant question.

National Exams — 04-Soft-A4 Real-Time Systems. Three-hour, closed-book exam (Casio or Sharp approved calculators only). Cover page states: "Any five questions constitute a complete paper. Only the first five questions as they appear in your answer book will be marked. All questions are of equal value (20% each)." All six distinct questions recovered from the source are solved below for completeness. Where a doubt exists as to interpretation, the candidate is expected to state assumptions — engineering assumptions used below are flagged in check callouts.

Reference texts: Jane W. S. Liu, Real-Time Systems (Prentice Hall, 2000) — task models, timing requirements, FCFS/EDF and priority scheduling; Giorgio C. Buttazzo, Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications (Springer, 3rd ed.) — preemptive fixed-priority and dynamic-priority scheduling; Hermann Kopetz, Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications (Springer, 2nd ed.) — distributed real-time control, network-induced delay; Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering (Pearson, 5th ed.) — frequency-domain stability, phase margin, transport-lag systems; Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering (Pearson, 10th ed.) — general software-engineering process context.