Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Reference texts: White, F.M., Fluid Mechanics (8th ed.) — fluid statics and hydrostatic force on plane/curved surfaces incl. gravity-dam stability (Ch. 2), buoyancy and Archimedes' principle (Ch. 2), orifice/nozzle discharge and jet momentum forces (Ch. 3, 6), viscous flow in ducts and the Moody chart (Ch. 6), open-channel flow and the hydraulic jump (Ch. 10), drag and stability of bluff bodies (Ch. 7), turbomachinery and jet propulsion (Ch. 11).