Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format. National Exams, May 2015 — 04-Bio-A7, 3 hours, open book (any non-communicating calculator permitted). Four questions constitute a complete exam paper, each of equal value, and all require calculation. All four are solved here.
Reference texts. White, Fluid Mechanics, 8th ed. (manometry, laminar Hagen–Poiseuille pipe flow, turbulent Darcy–Weisbach/Colebrook pipe networks, and centrifugal-pump performance & similarity — ch. 2, 6, 11).