Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams, May 2013 — 98-Civ-A1 Elementary Structural Analysis. Three-hour, closed-book examination (approved Sharp/Casio calculator only). Format: six questions constitute a complete paper — answer all of #1–#5 and any one of #6, #7 or #8. All eight questions are solved below for completeness.
Reference texts: R.C. Hibbeler, Structural Analysis (10th ed., Pearson) — determinacy, method of joints/sections, virtual-work deflections, moment distribution, slope–deflection, influence lines; A. Kassimali, Structural Analysis (6th ed., Cengage) — internal hinges and compound structures. Sign convention: sagging bending moment positive; tension member forces positive (T), compression negative (C).
