National Exams — 98-Civ-A5 Hydraulic Engineering — May 2016.
Closed book; one aid sheet and a non-communicating calculator permitted. Six questions of equal value (20 marks each);
candidates answer any five. All six are solved here as a study resource. Exam-supplied relations: Hazen–Williams
$Q = 0.278\,C\,D^{2.63}\,S^{0.54}$ with $S = h_f/L$ (SI, $Q$ in m$^3$/s, $D,L$ in m), Manning
$Q=\tfrac{1}{n}A R^{2/3}S^{1/2}$, Darcy–Weisbach $\Delta h = 0.0826\,f\,L\,Q^2/D^5$, valve law
$Q=\tau E_s\sqrt{H_{u/s}-H_{d/s}}$, and $\mathrm{TDH}=H_s+H_f$. Water: $\rho=1000$ kg/m$^3$,
$\nu=1.31\times10^{-6}$ m$^2$/s.
Reference texts. Mays, Water Resources Engineering, 2nd ed. (pipe
networks, branched systems, valves, transmission mains); Chow, Open-Channel Hydraulics (Manning uniform flow,
critical depth, specific energy); Crowe, Elger & Roberson, Engineering Fluid Mechanics (pipe force balance,
laminar film flow).
