Question 3 of 7: Hand Tools and Manual Materials Handling

Question 3: Hand Tools and Manual Materials Handling (20 marks: 7/6/7)

Question text not reproduced: the examination questions are © Engineers and Geoscientists BC. Open the official past paper (linked at the top of this page) to read the question, then follow the worked solution below.

(i) Controlling Hand-Tool Hazards

• Right tool for the job; use tools only as intended.
• Inspect and maintain — keep tools in good condition (sharp, no cracked handles, mushroomed heads); remove defective tools from service.
• Ergonomic design — proper handle size/shape for neutral wrist posture; insulated handles for electrical work.
• Safe use practices — cut away from the body, secure workpieces, proper stance.
• Guards on tools where applicable; carry/store safely (sheaths, belts).
• PPE — eye protection, gloves; training in correct use.

(ii) Factors Contributing to Manual-Handling Injuries / Low-Back Pain

• Load — heavy, bulky, awkward or unstable loads; poor grip.
• Posture/technique — bending, twisting, reaching, stooping; lifting from floor or above shoulders.
• Task — repetition, long duration, high frequency, carrying distance, insufficient recovery.
• Force — pushing/pulling, jerking.
• Environment — restricted space, poor footing, obstacles, poor lighting, heat.
• Individual — physical capacity, fatigue, prior injury, lack of training.

(iii) Recommended Lifting Procedures

• Size up the load; get help or a mechanical aid if too heavy/awkward; plan the route.
• Stand close to the load, feet apart for a stable base.
• Bend the knees, keep the back straight; get a firm grip.
• Lift smoothly with the leg muscles, keeping the load close to the body.
• Do not twist—turn the feet to change direction.
• Keep the load between shoulder and knuckle height where possible; set it down using the legs, back straight.