Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2016 — 04-Env-B7 / Environmental Sampling and Analysis. 3 hours duration; closed book (approved non-programmable Sharp or Casio calculator only); t-distribution table supplied. Part A (Questions 1–3) is compulsory; Part B (Questions 4–6, "answer any 2") – all three are solved below for completeness.
Reference texts. Walpole, Myers, Myers & Ye, Probability & Statistics for Engineers and Scientists (statistical hypothesis testing, exploratory data analysis); Davis & Cornwell, Introduction to Environmental Engineering (6th ed.) (sampling design, QA/QC, environmental monitoring programs); U.S. EPA Guidance for Choosing a Sampling Design for Environmental Data Collection (QA/G-5S); Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) monitoring and reporting guidance.