Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2013 — 04-Geom-A1 Surveying. Closed-book; any Sharp or Casio approved calculator permitted. Format: seven questions are given and any five (20 marks each) constitute a complete paper — all seven are solved below for completeness. Where a datum is implied, elevations are in the Canadian vertical frame (CGVD2013) and azimuths on NAD83(CSRS).
Reference texts: Wolf & Ghilani, Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics (15th ed., Pearson); Ghilani, Adjustment Computations: Spatial Data Analysis (6th ed., Wiley).