Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — May 2016 — 98-Nav-A4 Ship Structure and Strength of Ships. Three-hour, closed-book exam (no notes permitted); Casio/Sharp non-programmable calculator and simple drawing equipment allowed. Format: six compulsory questions, marks indicated per sub-part, totalling 100; some formulae (beam bending relations, section modulus, shear flow, deflection/slope tables) and a Normal (cumulative) distribution table are supplied at the end of the exam and are used directly below. All six are solved in full.
Reference texts: Hughes, O.F. & Paik, J.K., Ship Structural Analysis and Design (2nd ed., SNAME, 2010) — hull-girder strength, panel/plate structure, section properties and shear flow in thin-walled hull sections; Hibbeler, R.C., Mechanics of Materials (10th ed., Pearson) — beam bending/deflection, stress–strain behaviour and fatigue basics; Muckle, W., Muckle’s Naval Architecture (2nd ed., Butterworths) — hydrostatics, Bonjean curves and structural terminology; Ang, A.H-S. & Tang, W.H., Probability Concepts in Engineering (2nd ed., Wiley) — structural reliability, load/resistance margin; IACS Common Structural Rules — steel grades, fatigue design (S–N curves, Paris Law).