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24-Pet-A4 Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Completion · May 2018

Question 5 of 5: Directional Drilling — Dogleg Severity and Tool Face

Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)

Notes on this paper

Reference texts: Bourgoyne, A.T. Jr., Millheim, K.K., Chenevert, M.E. & Young, F.S., Applied Drilling Engineering, SPE Textbook Series (hoisting-system design, drilling-rate models, well control, drill-string design, directional drilling); Rabia, H., Well Engineering & Construction (drill-string tension design, tubular wear classification, directional-survey calculations); Alberta Energy Regulator, Directive 010: Minimum Casing Design Requirements (Canadian regulatory context for tubular design margins).

Question 5: Directional Drilling — Dogleg Severity and Tool Face (25 marks)

Question text not reproduced: the examination questions are © Engineers and Geoscientists BC. Open the official past paper (linked at the top of this page) to read the question, then follow the worked solution below.

Given.

ItemValue
Initial direction (azimuth), $Az_1$N10W $=350^\circ$
Final direction (azimuth), $Az_2$N20W $=340^\circ$
Initial inclination, $I_1$$10^\circ$
Final inclination, $I_2$$13^\circ$
Course (measured) length80 ft
Casing-running DLS limit$8^\circ/100$ ft

Find. (a) The dogleg severity of the correction, and whether it is within the 8°/100 ft casing-running limit. (b) The tool face angle and its orientation relative to high side.

High side (0°) Right (90°) Low side (180°) Left (270°) TF = 321.4° (38.6° left of high side)
Fig. 3 — Tool-face orientation: the required setting sits mostly toward high side (building inclination) with a 38.6° offset to the left (turning the azimuth toward N20W).

Approach. Compute the space-vector dogleg angle from the two inclination/azimuth pairs and the standard 3-D survey formula, convert to a per-100-ft severity, then use the tool-face vector formula (built from the same inclination/azimuth data) to find the setting angle measured clockwise from high side.

  1. Dogleg angle. $$\cos\beta=\cos I_1\cos I_2+\sin I_1\sin I_2\cos(Az_2-Az_1)=\cos10^\circ\cos13^\circ+\sin10^\circ\sin13^\circ\cos(-10^\circ)$$ giving $\boxed{\beta=3.59^\circ}$ over the 80-ft course.
  2. Part (a) — dogleg severity. $$DLS=\frac{\beta}{L}\times100=\frac{3.59}{80}\times100\Rightarrow\boxed{DLS=4.49^\circ/100\ \text{ft}}$$ Since $4.49<8$, $\boxed{\text{yes — casing can be safely run through this section}}$.
  3. Part (b) — tool-face vector components. Using the standard vector form (clockwise from high side, $0^\circ=$ build straight ahead): $$c_h=\sin I_2\cos I_1\cos(Az_2-Az_1)-\cos I_2\sin I_1,\qquad c_r=\sin I_2\sin(Az_2-Az_1)$$ Substituting gives $c_h=+0.157$, $c_r=-0.125$ (both computed from the same $10^\circ$, $13^\circ$, $-10^\circ$ inputs as Step 1).
  4. Solve for the tool-face angle. $$TF=\operatorname{atan2}(c_r,c_h)\Rightarrow\boxed{TF=321.4^\circ}$$ (measuring clockwise from high side, wrapped to $0$–$360^\circ$). Since $321.4^\circ=360^\circ-38.6^\circ$, this is $\boxed{38.6^\circ\ \text{to the LEFT of high side}}$ — consistent with the required motion, which is mostly a build (inclination $10\rightarrow13^\circ$) with a left turn (azimuth decreasing from $350^\circ$ to $340^\circ$, i.e. toward N20W).
Check: azimuths are converted using the standard quadrant-bearing-to-azimuth rule (N$\theta$W $=360-\theta$); the tool-face convention used here takes $0^\circ$ = high side (pure build), increasing clockwise through $90^\circ$ = right turn, $180^\circ$ = drop, $270^\circ$ = left turn, the standard directional-drilling convention (Bourgoyne/Rabia).
QuantityValue
Dogleg angle, $\beta$3.59° over 80 ft
(a) Dogleg severity, $DLS$4.49°/100 ft — within the 8°/100 ft limit, casing CAN be run
(b) Tool face angle321.4° (38.6° left of high side)
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