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16-Civ-A1 Elementary Structural Analysis · May 2016

Question 6 of 8: Indeterminate frame — moment distribution / slope-deflection

Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)

Notes on this paper

Reference texts: R.C. Hibbeler, Structural Analysis (10th ed., Pearson) — determinacy, method of joints/sections, virtual-work deflections, moment distribution / slope–deflection, influence lines; A. Kassimali, Structural Analysis (6th ed., Cengage) — internal hinges, compound (Gerber) beams and three-hinged frames. Sign convention: sagging bending moment positive; upward reactions positive; member tension positive (T), compression negative (C).

The paper directs candidates to answer Q1–Q5 and then one of Q6/Q7/Q8. For completeness all eight questions are worked here.

Question 6: Indeterminate frame — moment distribution / slope-deflection (22 marks)

Question text not reproduced: the examination questions are © Engineers and Geoscientists BC. Open the official past paper (linked at the top of this page) to read the question, then follow the worked solution below.

Given. Continuous beam $1\!-\!2\!-\!3\!-\!4$ at $y=4\text{ m}$: free tip $1(0,4)$ with a $16.5\text{ kN}$ load on a $1\text{ m}$ overhang, $12\text{ kN/m}$ over $2\!-\!3$ ($8\text{ m}$), then $3\!-\!4$ ($4\text{ m}$) into a fixed wall at $4$. Columns $2\!-\!5$ ($4\text{ m}$, pinned base $5$) and $3\!-\!6$ ($4\text{ m}$, fixed base $6$). Equal $EI$, inextensible.

Find. SFD and BMD with max/min ordinates for every member.

12 kN/m16.5 kN1234561 m8 m4 mnode 4 built into wall (fixed)
Q6 Rigid frame; node 4 fixed, base 5 pinned, base 6 fixed.

Approach. Slope-deflection with unknowns $\theta_2,\theta_3$ (node 4 fixed and base 4 restrain sidesway; the overhang applies a known $16.5\text{ kN}\cdot\text{m}$ at 2). Solving the two joint-equilibrium equations and back-substituting gives the member-end moments.

  1. Overhang. The $1\text{ m}$ cantilever delivers $M_{2}=16.5(1)=16.5\text{ kN}\cdot\text{m}$ (hogging) and a $16.5\text{ kN}$ shear into joint 2.
  2. Member-end moments (kN·m, sagging +): span $2\!-\!3$: $-49.5$ at 2, $-60.0$ at 3, with a sagging peak $+41.3$ near mid-span; span $3\!-\!4$: $-30.0$ at 3, $+15.0$ at the fixed end 4; column $2\!-\!5$: $+33.0$ at top, $0$ at the pinned base; column $3\!-\!6$: $-30.0$ at top, $+15.0$ at the fixed base.
  3. Joint checks. At 2: $-16.5-33.0+49.5=0$; at 3: $-60.0=-30.0-30.0$ — both balance.
  4. Reactions. Base 5 (pin): $V=63.2\text{ kN}$, $H=8.25\text{ kN}$; base 6 (fixed): $V=60.6\text{ kN}$, $H=-11.25\text{ kN}$, $M=15.0\text{ kN}\cdot\text{m}$; support 4 (fixed): $V=-11.25\text{ kN}$, $H=3.0\text{ kN}$, $M=15.0\text{ kN}\cdot\text{m}$. Total vertical $=112.5=16.5+12(8)$.
−16.5+41.3−60+15Q6 Beam 1-2-3-4 bending moment (kN·m)
Q6 Bending-moment diagram along the beam (columns: 33 at top of 2-5; −30/+15 on 3-6).
MemberMax ordinateMin ordinate
1–2 (overhang)$0$ (tip)$-16.5$ (at 2)
2–3 (beam)$+41.3$ (sag)$-60.0$ (at 3)
3–4 (beam)$+15.0$ (at 4)$-30.0$ (at 3)
2–5 (column)$+33.0$ (top)$0$ (pin base)
3–6 (column)$+15.0$ (base)$-30.0$ (top)