Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format: 98-Civ-A4 Geotechnical Materials and Analysis, National Examinations May 2013 — closed book, 3 hours, 6 questions totalling 100 marks; drawing instruments required; all charts and equations supplied at the back. Answer all questions. Take γw = 9.81 kN/m³ throughout.
Reference texts. B. M. Das & K. Sobhan, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering (Cengage); R. F. Craig, Craig's Soil Mechanics (Knappett & Craig, CRC); R. D. Holtz, W. D. Kovacs & T. C. Sheahan, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering (Pearson). Chart/influence factors per the PEO formula sheet supplied with the paper.