Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2018 — 10-Met-A1 Metallurgical Thermodynamics. Three-hour, closed-book exam using an approved (Casio or Sharp) calculator; candidates were urged to state any interpretive assumptions in writing. Answer only five of the seven questions (any five constitute a complete paper) — all seven are solved below for completeness. All questions are of equal value (20 marks each out of 100).
Reference texts: Gaskell, D. R., Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials (2nd–5th ed.) — source of the first-law/second-law relations, the ΔG°=−RT ln K chemical-equilibrium treatment, and the attached Ellingham diagram (Fig. 9-3) used in Question 7; standard 298 K entropies and enthalpies of formation for CO, CO₂, O₂, H₂, H₂O(g), Mn, MnO, Ca, CaO, Mg and MgO from the NIST–JANAF Thermochemical Tables.
