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24-Pet-A5 Petroleum Production Operations · May 2018

Question 1 of 5: Fetkovich IPR — Isochronal Test and Two-Rate Sensitivity

Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)

Notes on this paper

National Exams May 2018 — 17-PET-A5 Petroleum Production Operations (3 hrs, open book). Reference texts: Golan & Whitson, Well Performance, 2nd ed.; Ahmed, Reservoir Engineering Handbook, 5th ed.; Brown, The Technology of Artificial Lift Methods, Vol. 2a–4; Beggs, Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis, 2nd ed.; Bourgoyne et al., Applied Drilling Engineering, 1st ed. (cementing, Ch. 6).

The source NOTES state that the first four questions as answered constitute a complete paper; every question (1–5) is fully solved below.

Question 1: Fetkovich IPR — Isochronal Test and Two-Rate Sensitivity (25 marks)

Question text not reproduced: the examination questions are © Engineers and Geoscientists BC. Open the official past paper (linked at the top of this page) to read the question, then follow the worked solution below.

Given. A Fetkovich-type isochronal-test IPR with the deliverability coefficient and exponent already fitted; the average reservoir pressure itself is not stated directly and must be recovered from the single stabilized test point.

IPR form$q_L=C\left[\bar P_R^2-P_{wf}^2\right]^n$, $C=0.02$, $n=0.8$
Stabilized test$P_{wf}=2800$ psig, $q_L=1420$ STBL/day
(a) Water cut0% (100% oil)
(b) Later-life $\bar P_R$2400 psi
(b) Water cut40%

Find. (a) $q_o$ at $P_{wf}=1800$ psig, current $\bar P_R$; (b) $q_o$ at $P_{wf}=1800$ psi once $\bar P_R$ has declined to 2400 psi with 40% water.

Approach. Back out $\bar P_R$ from the given $C$, $n$ and the single stabilized test point, then apply the same deliverability equation at each requested condition, converting liquid rate to oil rate through the stated water cut.

  1. Recover the current average reservoir pressure. $1420=0.02\left[\bar P_R^2-2800^2\right]^{0.8}\Rightarrow\bar P_R^2=2800^2+\left(\dfrac{1420}{0.02}\right)^{1/0.8}=2800^2+71{,}000^{1.25}$. $\boxed{\bar P_R\approx3000\ \text{psig}}$ — a clean round number, a good check that $C$ and $n$ were read correctly.
  2. (a) Oil rate at $P_{wf}=1800$ psig, current $\bar P_R=3000$ psig. $q_L=0.02\left[3000^2-1800^2\right]^{0.8}=0.02\,(5{,}760{,}000)^{0.8}$. With $f_w=0$, $q_o=q_L$. $\boxed{q_o=5120\ \text{STBO/day}}$.
  3. (b) Later-life liquid rate at $\bar P_R=2400$ psi. The deliverability coefficient $C$ is a rock/fluid property from the isochronal test and does not change as $\bar P_R$ declines, so the same equation applies with the new $\bar P_R$: $q_L=0.02\left[2400^2-1800^2\right]^{0.8}=0.02\,(2{,}520{,}000)^{0.8}$. $\boxed{q_L=2643\ \text{STBL/day}}$.
  4. (b) Convert to oil rate. With 40% water cut, $q_o=q_L(1-f_w)=2643\times0.60$. $\boxed{q_o=1586\ \text{STBO/day}}$ — markedly lower than part (a), reflecting both the depleted drive pressure and the water breakthrough.
007501,9761,5003,9522,2505,9273,0007,903Test pt(a) Pwf=1800Flowing bottomhole pressure, Pwf (psig)Liquid rate, qL (STB/D)Fetkovich IPR — Pr ≈ 3000 psig (from isochronal test)
Fig. 1 — Fetkovich IPR ($C=0.02$, $n=0.8$) with $\bar P_R\approx3000$ psig backed out of the isochronal test point, and the part (a) operating point at $P_{wf}=1800$ psig marked.
006001,3831,2002,7651,8004,1482,4005,531(b) Pwf=1800Flowing bottomhole pressure, Pwf (psig)Liquid rate, qL (STB/D)Fetkovich IPR — late-life Pr = 2400 psig
Fig. 2 — The same deliverability equation re-anchored to the depleted average reservoir pressure of 2400 psig for part (b); the whole curve collapses inward as the reservoir energy declines.
QuantityValue
Backed-out current $\bar P_R$≈3000 psig
(a) $q_o$ at $P_{wf}=1800$ psig, current $\bar P_R$5120 STBO/day
(b) $q_L$ at $P_{wf}=1800$ psi, $\bar P_R=2400$ psi2643 STBL/day
(b) $q_o$ at $P_{wf}=1800$ psi, $f_w=40\%$1586 STBO/day
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