Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
Paper format. National Examinations, December 2018 — 16-Civ-B2 Advanced Structural Design. Three hours, closed book (design handbooks and textbooks permitted, no notes). Seven design questions; any five constitute a complete paper and all questions carry equal value. Page 1 supplies the design data reproduced below and states that all loads shown are unfactored. All seven questions are worked here, because the paper is being used as a study resource rather than sat under examination conditions.
| Material | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Concrete | $f'_c$ | 30 MPa |
| Structural steel | $F_y$ | 350 MPa |
| Reinforcing steel | $f_y$ | 400 MPa |
| Prestressed concrete | $f_{ci}$ at transfer | 35 MPa |
| $f'_c$ | 50 MPa | |
| modular ratio $n$ | 6 | |
| $f_{ult}$ | 1750 MPa | |
| $f_y$ (strand) | 1450 MPa | |
| $f_{initial}$ | 1200 MPa | |
| loss of prestress | 240 MPa |
Reference texts. The answers are written to the Canadian limit-states codes that Engineers Canada lists for this examination:
Check — load factors. Page 1 states only that the loads shown are unfactored; it gives no dead/live split. A single factor of $\alpha = 1.5$ is therefore applied to every printed load, and $1.25$ to self weight that the solution itself introduces (the concrete members, the steel frame and the plate girder). This is the NBCC 2020 Case 2 combination $1.25D + 1.5L$ read at its live-load end. The collapse mechanisms, section classifications and interaction equations below are independent of that choice — only the magnitudes move with it. Serviceability answers (Question 3's deflection, Question 5's no-tension condition, Question 6's deflection) use unfactored loads throughout, as they must.
