Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2013 — 04-Env-A3 / Geotechnical & Hydrogeological Engineering. 3 hours duration; open book exam, any non-communicating calculator permitted. The first five questions as they appear in the answer book are marked (20 marks each, 100 marks total); all six are solved below for completeness.
Reference texts. Braja M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering (9th ed.) — unit weight/compaction relations, permeability and seepage/flow nets, lateral earth pressure and retaining-wall stability chapters; Craig & Knappett, Craig's Soil Mechanics (8th ed.) — cross-reference for the falling-head permeability test and flow-net construction under a cutoff wall; Freeze & Cherry, Groundwater (1979) — Darcy's law, confined-aquifer (Thiem) flow and seepage velocity.
