Nivaar worked solution (AI-drafted; not reviewed by a licensed engineer)
National Exams — December 2018 — 18-Env-A3 / Geotechnical & Hydrogeological Engineering. 3 hours duration; open book exam, any non-communicating calculator permitted. FIVE (5) questions constitute a complete exam paper (the first five as they appear in the answer book are marked, 20 marks each, 100 marks total); all six printed questions are solved below for completeness.
Reference texts. Braja M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering (9th ed.) — compaction, permeability and seepage, weight–volume relations; Craig & Knappett, Craig's Soil Mechanics (8th ed.) — flow nets and composite seepage barriers; Freeze & Cherry, Groundwater (1979) — Darcy's law, the Dupuit–Thiem equation and seepage velocity.